çkd`frd fpfdRlk %
,d ifjp;
MkW- foHkwfr ukFk >k
izkÑfrd fpfdRlk ds vuqlkj vLoLFk gksuk euq"; ds fy, vko';d ugha gSA vLoLFk gksrk gS og çd`fr ds fu;e rksM+us ds dkj.kA ou esa jgus okys i'kq i{kh lnk pqLr vkSj eqLrSn jgrs gSaA muds ikl jksx QVdrs Hkh ughaA os euq";] tks vk/kqfud lH;rk ls nwj] ouksa] ioZrksa vkSj Vkiqvksa esa thou O;rhr djrs gSa] çk;% uhjksx gh jgrs gSa vkSj fujarj vius 'kjhj dks dk;Z djus ds ;ksX; cuk;s j[krs gSaA udyh lH;rk dh va/kk/kaq/k udy us gh vusd jksxksa dk foLrkj fd;k gSA vkt ds euq"; us çkÑfrd jgu&lgu R;kx dj cukoVh thou viuk fy;k gSA blh dkj.k mldh jksx fujks/kd 'kfDr de gks x;h gSA og vk, fnu fdlh u fdlh jksx dk f'kdkj gksrk gh jgrk gSA
gekjs 'kjhj ds vanj dh xanxh fdlh u fdlh vax ds vanj tc tek gksus yxrh gS rks çd`fr ml xanxh dks ckgj fudkyus dk ç;Ru djrh gSA ml ç;Ru esa gekjs vaxksa dks ;k 'kjhj dks nq%[k Hkh gksrk gSA ;gh jksx dk ewy dkj.k gSA
tgjhyk eknk bruk vf/kd tek gks tkrk gS fd og jksedwiksa dh jkg ls ckgj ugha fudy ldrk] rks og QksM+s Qaqfl;ksa ds :i esa 'kjhj ds ckgj QwV iM+rk gSA çd`fr ds }kjk fd;s tkus okys bu lc ç;Ruksa dk ,d gh mn~ns'; gksrk gS fd fdlh rjg 'kjhj ds vanj tek gqvk fotkrh; rRo tYnh ls tYnh 'kjhj ls ckgj fudky dj Qsad fn;k tk,A
ekuo us çd`fr ls ukrk rksM+ dj vius fy, vusdksa jksxksa dk vkg~oku fd;k gSA vkt lalkj esa dgha Hkh euq"; iw.kZ :i ls LoLFk ugha fn[kkbZ nsrkA
çd`fr ds ç;Ruksa dh lgk;rk ls jksx dks nwj djus okyh fpfdRlk gh çkd`frd fpfdRlk vFkkZr~ jksxh ij] jksx fuokj.k ds fy,] mUgha inkFkksZa rFkk lk/kuksa ls dke ysuk tks uhjksx voLFkk esa ml O;fDr ds LokLF; dh j{kk djrs gSaA
çkd`frd fpfdRlk ds lkjs fu;e& mifu;e] funku vkSj mik; dsoy rhu fl)karksa ij gh vkfJr gSa] tks fuEu çdkj gSa &
1 çkd`frd fpfdRlk dk loZçFke rFkk çeq[k cqfu;knh fl)kar ;g gS fd lc çdkj ds jksxksa dh ,d gh tM+ gS& 'kjhj ds Hkhrj tek gqvk dpjkA tks ckgjh inkFkZ gekjs 'kjhj ;a= }kjk gte ugha fd;s tkrs vkSj u ey&ew=] ilhus] 'okl }kjk ckgj fudkys tkrs gSa ogh dwM+s ds :i esa 'kjhj ds vanj tek gks tkrs gSaA ,sls inkFkZ 'kjhj dk fgLlk cu ugha ikrs vkSj futhZo gks dj 'kjhj ds Hkhrjh vaxksa ls i`Fkd rks gks tkrs gSa ij fdUgha dkj.kksa ls 'kjhj ls ckgj ugha fudy ikrsA mldh rg ij rg terh tkrh gSA
lc çdkj ds çkd`frd mipkj dk ,d ek= mn~ns'; ;gh gSA LoLFk O;fDr os O;FkZ ds inkFkZ rqjUr gh 'kjhj ;a= ls ckgj fudky nsrs gSa& mu vaxksa }kjk ftudk dke gh eyksRltZu gSA os vax gSa% o`Dd ¼xqnsZ½] vkars ¼varfM;ka½] Qq¶Qql ¼QsQM+s½ vkSj Ropk ¼peM+h½A ;fn tSlk fd vf/kla[; O;fDr;ksa ds ekeys esa gksrk gS] O;FkZ ds os inkFkZ vf/kd ek=k esa 'kjhj ;a= ds Hkhrj tek gks tk,a ftruh ek=k dks ckgj fudkyus dk lkeF;Z Åij fy[ks vaxksa esa gSa rc 'kjhj ;a= ds iqtksZa vkSj ifg;ksa ds tke gksus dh çfØ;k vkjaHk gks tkrh gS] tks reke Hkkoh jksxksa dk cqfu;knh dkj.k gSA
2 çkd`frd fpfdRlk ç.kkyh dk nwljk cqfu;knh fl)kar ;g gS fd 'kjhj lnk gh O;fDr ds fgr ds fy, ç;Ru djrk jgrk gS] Hkys gh O;fDr vius 'kjhj ds lkFk fdruk gh cqjk O;ogkj D;ksa u djsA ftrus Hkh rhoz jksx gSa] ;Fkk lc çdkj ds Toj] tqdke] çokfgdk] fe;knh cq[kkj] lc çdkj ds Ropk jksx vkfn vkSj dqN ugha cfYd 'kjhj }kjk viuh vksj ls fd;s x;s ç;Ru gSa] rkfd O;FkZ ds ml dwM+s dks 'kjhj ls ckgj fudky fn;k tk,] tks 'kjhj ds mfpr dk;Zdykiksa esa ck/kk Mkyrk gSA
ân; jksx] e/kqesg] o`Dd jksx] vkeokr vkfn lHkh fpj jksx oLrqr% 'kjhj }kjk vius vki vkjaHk fd;s x;s ç;Ru gSaA
rhoz jksx ,oa fpj jksxksa ds fuEufyf[kr dkj.k gksrs gSa %
1- O;fDr dh 'kkjhfjd jpuk] 2- oa'kkuqxr ço`fRr;ka] 3- jksx dk nck;k tkukA
jksxksa dk lcls cM+k vkSj lcls egRoiw.kZ dkj.k gksrk gS jksx dk nck;k tkukA rhoz jksxksa dk vkjafHkd voLFkk esa gh xyr <ax ls bykt fd;k tkrk gS rks jksx nc tkrk gS] exj 'kjhj ;a= ds vanj gh vanj og iyrk&iuirk c<+rk jgrk gS vkSj le; ij mxz :i /kkj.k dj ysrk gSA
çkd`frd fpfdRlk ç.kkyh dk rhljk ewyHkwr fl)kar ;g gS fd 'kjhj vius vanj ,slh 'kfDr j[krk gS ftlls og iqu% mlh lkekU; voLFkk dks igaqp tk,] ftls uhjksxrk ;k LoLFk n'kk dgk tkrk gS] c'krsZ 'kjhj dks ,slk djus ds fy, mfpr fof/k;ksa }kjk lgk;rk igaqpk;h tk,A jksx nwj djus dh 'kfDr MkWDVj vFkok fpfdRld fo'ks"kK ds gkFk esa ugha] cfYd 'kjhj ds vanj gh ml 'kfDr ds lzksr fo|eku gSA
çd`fr vanj ls gh jksx nwj djus dk ojnku nsus dks gj le; rS;kj jgrh gS] ysfdu dsoy mUgsa gh tks çd`fr ds fu;eksa ds vuqlkj vkgkj&fogkj vkSj thou&;kiu djuk Lohdkj djrs gSaA
çkd`frd fpfdRlk }kjk 'kjhj ds vax&çR;ax dks] jx&jx dks] ul&ul dks /kks dj] mls fueZy cuk fn;k tkrk gS] ftlls 'kjhj dh dk;Zdq'kyrk rFkk lgu {kerk esa o`f) gksrh gSA
'kjhj dks çd`r
voLFkk esa ykus] mls jkstejkZ ds dke djus ds ;ksX; cukus ds fy, ç;ksx esa
yk;h tkus okyh
fof/k;ka bl çdkj gSa %
1- miokl 2- [kku&iku esa ijgst+ 3- ty fpfdRlk 4- 'kjhj ds lkekU; xBu dk ç;Ru 5- euksoSKkfud fpfdRlk vkfnA
jksx ,oa funku % çkd`frd fpfdRlk ds }kjk ukuk çdkj ds jksxksa dk funku fd;k tkrk gSA dqN mnkgj.k çLrqr fd;s tk jgs gSa %
dCt % dCt lc jksxksa dh tM+ gSA 'kjhj ds vanj dk eSy ckgj u fudyuk gh dCt dgykrk gSA dCt jguk loZZFkk vLokHkkfod gSA dCt iqjkuk gks tk, rks Lej.k 'kfDr de gks tkrh gS] 'kjhj gj le; Fkdk&Fkdk yxrk gS] Hkw[k ugha yxrh] uhan de vkrh gSA xfB;k ¼vkeokr½] 'okl ¼nek½] vip ¼cngteh½] dej nnZ] flj nnZ vkfn d"V gks tkrs gSaA
mipkj ds fy, pksdj lesr eksVk vkVk [kkb,A Hkkstu esa vkVs pkoy ls 'kkd lfCt;ksa dh ek=k nwuh dj nhft,A lfCt;ksa esa [khjk] ddM+h] [kjcwtk] VekVj] ikyd] canxksHkh] ewyh dk ç;ksx dPps :i esa gh djsaA çk;% lk;a rhu&pkj fdyksehVj rd Hkze.k djsaA FkksM+h lh nkSM+ yxk,a rks vkSj Hkh vPNkA ,d eksVk rkSfy;k ;k [kn~nj dk VqdM+k pkSgjk dj ysaA mls BaMs ty esa fHkxks dj gYdk lk fupksM+us ds ckn isV ij ¼ukfHk ls uhps½ 20 feuV rd j[ksa] vFkok feV~Vh esa ikuh Mky dj mldk ysi cuk yhft,A vc bls isV ij yhi nhft,A 15-20 feuV ckn Hkze.k ds fy, pys tkb,A
bU¶yq,atk % ;g laØked jksx gSA bls ¶yw Hkh dgrs gSaA ckagksa] Vkaxksa vkSj flj esa nnZ jgrk gSA nwljs fnu rkieku 102 fMxzh ls 104 fMxzh rd gksrk gSA Nhad] [kkalh] ukd cguk vkfn blds fuf'pr y{k.k gSaA
jksxh dks lnhZ yxus ls cpkb,A dacy vks<+k dj jf[k,A vf/kd xjeh gks rks Hkkjh pknj dkQh gSA dksls ikuh esa ued ?kksy dj xjkjs djok,aA lkns xje ikuh ls ukd lkQ djokb,A Nkrh ij ?kh efy,A nLr yx x;s gksa rks FkksM+k cgqr ikuh fiykb,( ,d ckj esa fxykl Hkj dj ughaA [kkus dks Hkkstu er nhft,A ehBk larjk ;k ekSleh dk jl nhft,A
fgLVhfj;k % ;g jksx çk;% tokuh esa mudks lrkrh gS ftudh laHkksx laca/kh ;k vU; euksdkeuk iw.kZ ugha gksrh vkSj tks vius dks lnk vr`Ir eku dj eu esa dqaBk ;k ghu Hkkouk dk vuqHko djrs jgrs gSaA dCt] vth.kZ] ekufld vk?kkr] fpark] 'kksd vkfn] vpkud csgks'kh] gkFk iSj vdM+uk] psgjs dh vkd`fr fcxM+uk] çdk'k dh vksj ns[kus esa vleFkZrk vkfn blds y{k.k gSaA dHkh&dHkh cM+cM+kuk] gkFk iSj ekjuk] ekjuk&ihVuk vkfn y{k.k Hkh fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA lkal ysus esa dfBukbZ] isV vkSj xys esa ihM+k vkfn Hkh gksrh gSA 'kjhj dks Nwus ek= ls gh dbZ ckj ihM+k dk vuqHko gksrk gS] ;k 'kjhj ds fdlh Hkkx esa nnZ cuk jgrk gSA bl chekjh esa isV ls daB rd ok;q dk xksyk lk mBrk gS vkSj ewNkZ ¼csgks'kh½ vk tkrh gSA
ekufld dkj.kksa dks nwj djsaA jksfx;ksa dks çlUu j[kus dh ps"Vk djsaA csgks'kh ds le; muds vaxwBs ds uk[kwu esa viuk uk[kwu pqHkks dj csgks'kh nwj djsaA BaMs ikuh ds NhVksa ls ewNkZ nwj gksrh gSA ok;q fodkj djus okys inkFkZ can dj nsaA
LokLF; j{kk ds fu;e
1- fpark ekufld ruko ,oa Øks/k ls cpuk pkfg,vkSj blds ctk; eu dks 'kkar j[kus vkSj çlUufpRr jgus dh vknr Mkyuk] u'khyh oLrqvksa vkSj fo"kSyh nokb;ksa dk lsou u djuk vkSj de ls de 15 feuV fuR; Hkxoku dk /;ku ykHkçn gSaA
2- czã eqgwrZ esa] lw;ksZn; ls iwoZ] lks dj mBus rFkk jkr esa tYnh lksus vkSj xgjh funzk dk vkuan mBkuk pkfg,A
3- de ls de 15 feuV xgjs 'okl okys 'kkjhfjd O;k;ke] tSls nkSM+uk] rSjuk] pqLr pky ls Vgyuk] lw;Z ueLdkj] naM&cSBd vFkok ;ksxklu] çk.kk;ke esa ls fdlh ,d dk fu;fer vH;kl djuk pkfg,A
4- [kkus dh phtksa dks ihuk vkSj ihus dh phtksa dks [kkuk] vFkkZr~ çR;sd xzkl dks [kwc pck&pck dj [kkuk rFkk is; inkFkZ dks ?kwaV&?kwaV dj ihuk] fu;fer le; ij rFkk Hkw[k ls dqN de [kkuk vkSj 'kkdkgkjh ,oa lkfRod Hkkstu dks viukuk LokLF;çn gSaA
5- vfr ls cpuk vkSj vko';drk ls vf/kd [kkuk&ihuk] cksyuk] le; dks O;FkZ [kpZ djuk gkfudkjd gSaA
çkd`frd inkFkZ ls 'kfDr vtZu
cktkj esa vc 'kfDr ds fy, ,d ls ,d xksyh vkSj VkWfud vk jgs gSaA ijarq çd`fr us muls dgha vf/kd vPNs vkSj lLrs VkWfud gesa çnku fd;s gSaA budk leqfpr mi;ksx dj ges'kk 'kfDr dk HkaMkj çkIr dj ldrs gSaA çkd`frd :i ls çkIr mu oLrqvksa dk mi;ksx ge de ykxr esa dj viuk thou lq[kh cuk ldrs gSaA 'kfDr çnku djus okys ns'kh VkWfud bl çdkj gSa %
1- 'kfDr vkSj lkSan;Zo/kZd % xktj vkSj lscA bu nksuksa ds lsou ls 'kfDr vkSj lkSan;Z c<+rs gSaA
2- jDro/kZd % equDdk] fd'kfe'k] vaxwj] VekVj vkfn ds lsou ls çpqj ek=k esa jDr c<+rk gSA
3- /kkrq ikSf"Vd % cFkqvk] dslj] nw/k çkd`frd fpfdRlk dh fof/k ls rqylh cht dks ?kh esa Hkwu dj vkS"kf/k dk fuekZ.k djsaA bu lc inkFkksZa ds lsou ls /kkrq iq"V gksrk gS ,oa jDr Hkh lkQ gksrk gSA
la{ksi esa çd`fr }kjk ftrus Hkh inkFkZ gesa vkgkj ds fy, çkIr gS mu lcls gekjs 'kjhj dks ikSf"Vdrk feyrh gSA
çkd`frd fpfdRlk ds vuqlkj Lo;a dks uhjksx cukus dh lkeF;Z euq"; ds vius vanj gSaA gj dksbZ vius jksx dks Lo;a nwj dj ldrk gSA 'krsZa nks gh gSa] fd euq"; igys mfpr mik; djsa rkfd mldh 'kfDr bruh {kh.k u gksus nsa fd mldh iwfrZ djuk vlaHko gks tk,A okLro esa ;g vk'p;Ztud çrhr gksxk fd ,slh 'kfDr vkSj ,slk lkeF;Z gekjs vanj gh gS] tks 'kjhj ds jksx dks nwj dj gesa iwoZor~ uhjksx rFkk LoLFk cuk ldsA ;g laHko rHkh gksxk tc ge 'kfDr vkSj lkeF;Z dks viuk&viuk dke djus nsaA çd`fr }kjk çnRr tks oLrq ge yksxksa dks çkIr gS mudk lgh :i ls ;fn ç;ksx djuk lh[k fy;k tk, rks vU; fpfdRlk dh dksbZ vko';drk ugha gksxhA
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